Ti Transcranial Electrical Stimulator

Interferential Neuromodulation System

The sole accessory set and integrated device for clinical research on temporal interference (TI) or interferential (IF) stimulationinput:
output:Regarding Temporal Interference Stimulation or Interferential Stimulationinput:
output:Interferential Stimulation (IF) is the simultaneous application of two (or more) sine waves, each at a high frequency but slightly different frequency, through two (or more) pairs of electrodes or two current sources. The waveform is an HF carrier-wave (average of the two sine waves) that is modulated by a low frequency envelope oscillating at a “beat” frequency, achieved by summing two high frequency (HF) sine waves of slightly different frequencies. The beat frequency is determined by the difference between the frequencies of the two sinusoids (see figure below). It is widely recognized that neurons are unable to respond to high frequencies (i.e., >100Hz) as a result of their intrinsic low-pass filtering. Consequently, IF is contingent upon the “beat” interaction, which results in neuromodulation.input:
output:In a broader sense, High-Frequency (HF) or High-Rate (HR) stimulation is the application of frequencies that are 1 kHz or higher. HF/HR approaches, which include IF/TI stimulation, are among the most exciting in the field of electrotherapy (including neuromodulation, brain stimulation, rehabilitation, and bio-electric medicine), as they have the potential to produce unique effects on the body in comparison to conventional stimulation frequencies (100 Hz and lower). These distinctions can encompass distinct side-effect benefits as well as unique therapeutic benefits in a clinical setting. It is also believed that HF/HR interventions engage unique cellular targets and mechanisms precisely because they operate at frequencies that are significantly higher than conventional frequencies.