Custom-Made Cranial Implant

In cranioplasty, patient-specific cranial implants are plate-type medical devices that are used to correct cranial defects. Their size and configurations vary depending on the size and location of the cranial defect. The primary objectives of cranioplasty are to prevent injuries and infections of the unprotected brain, to correct cranial deformations, and to restore the aesthetics of the skull.input:
output:Bone grafts, mesh, standard cranial implants, patient-specific cranial implants, and quick-hardening polymeric substances (PMMA) are the primary methods used to fill cranial defects in cranioplasty today. The latter method is relatively cost-effective; however, the implant is formed directly on the soft tissues that cover the cerebral cortex when using PMMA, despite the fact that this quick-hardening material emits a temperature of 72°–86°C (for comparison, its effects on the soft tissues begin at 42°C). Additionally, aesthetic outcomes for the cranial bone are typically unsatisfactory when employing PMMA.input:
output:Autografts (or autogenous bone grafts) and allografts are the two commonly used types of bone grafts in cranioplasty. The autograft is a bone flap that was obtained from the same patient who received it, while an allograft is a graft from a different individual. This is the primary distinction between the two. Autografts are exclusively applicable during primary (planned) cranioplasty, and they are ineligible for the treatment of high energy head trauma defects when the cranial bone is excessively damaged.